Cardiology Clinical Methods, 2/E: Bedside Examination Guide for DM/DNB Cardiology Postgraduates | Pulse, JVP, Auscultation, Valve Lesions, Congenital Heart Disease and New Hemodynamics Chapter: 1

Cardiology: Clinical Methods, 2/E is a bedside-focused clinical examination reference organized around the sequence of a real cardiovascular physical exam: history taking, arterial pulse, blood pressure, jugular venous pulse, precordial palpation, the four heart sounds, and systolic and diastolic murmurs, before moving chapter by chapter through valvular heart disease, prosthetic heart valves, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, aortoarteritis, congenital heart disease, and chest X-ray and ECG interpretation. Each topic is broken into short subheadings -- definition, mechanism, bedside technique, characteristic findings -- with schematic figures, named clinical signs, and grading scales built in as a revision aid. This second edition adds a new chapter on hemodynamics, Approach to Catheterization Data and Oximetry, covering pressure-trace interpretation and the calculation of flows, shunts, and resistances, and revises existing chapters to current practice guidelines, including 2025 AHA/ACC thresholds for drug initiation and current ESC and ACC recommendations on valve disease, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy management cited throughout the text. Who This Book Is For: DM and DNB Cardiology postgraduates: a chapter-by-chapter revision companion for the clinical-examination and case-based components of cardiology board and exit examinations. Practicing cardiologists: a compact bedside reference for reinforcing physical-examination skills alongside modern point-of-care imaging and technology. Why This Book Helps: Breaks down each physical sign -- pulse character, JVP wave forms, precordial impulses, heart sounds, murmurs -- into definition, underlying mechanism, and bedside technique, so findings can be reasoned through rather than memorized. Walks through named clinical signs and grading systems, such as Dressler's grading of parasternal lift and the Broadbent sign, alongside the schematic figures used to teach them. Carries case-based reasoning into chapters such as Prosthetic Heart Valve and Constrictive Pericarditis, each opening with a clinical case scenario. Consolidates hemodynamic and catheterization-data interpretation, including shunt and resistance calculations, in one dedicated chapter rather than scattered references. Keeps guideline-based decision points -- valve intervention thresholds, anticoagulation, ICD selection -- aligned to current AHA/ACC and ESC recommendations cited chapter by chapter. Key Features: 30 chapters moving systematically from history taking and physical examination through valvular, congenital, and pericardial disease to chest X-ray, ECG criteria, and catheterization data. New chapter on hemodynamics -- Approach to Catheterization Data and Oximetry -- covering pressure traces and calculation of flows, shunts, and resistances. Chapters revised to current guidelines, including 2025 AHA/ACC thresholds for drug initiation, ASE and ESC echocardiographic grading criteria, and ACC recommendations on ICD selection and valve replacement. Clinical case scenarios open the Prosthetic Heart Valve and Constrictive Pericarditis chapters. Written by two India-based cardiology teachers, from Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, with contributions from their cardiology faculty colleagues.

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