CLINICAL METHODS & INTERPRETATION IN MEDICINE

Salient Features: The idea of the book is to give proper, concise, comprehensive and complete picture of all the systems of the body. Includes detailed method of history-taking, physical examinations and tips of interpretation of clinical features to come to a diagnosis. Contains enormous number of pictures to memorize various methods and symptom. Written to entertain the wide variety of readers from the medical students to postgraduates. The book will help the students become good clinicians in future. Helpful companion for optimum preparation of examination. Table of Contents: 1. Art of Interviewing to a Patient Communication means good and successful interview Approach to a patient for physical examination 2. Physical Examinations Temperature Anthropometry Posture Apparent Age Facies Lymphn node Clubbing Cyanosis Anemia Nail Hair Edema Neck vein A wave 3. Respiratory System Anatomy and physiology of respiratory system Thorax Lungs Ventilation and lung mechanics Physiology of pleural fluid absorption and reabsorption Vascular system Symptoms of respiratory diseases Cough Sputum Hemoptysis Chest Pain Breathlessness Wheeze Hoarseness Other important points in history Past history Social history Occupational history Family history Drughistory Personal history Chest inspection Abnormalities in respiration Abnormalities in posture Abnormalities in respiratory musculature Asymmetry in thoracic expansions Abnormalities of the sternum Abnormality of the ribs Abnormalities of chest surfaces Palpation Assessment of expansion of hemithoraces Chest percussion Auscultation Pleural rub Transmitted voice sounds 4. Cardiovascular System Anatomy of cardiovascular system Gross anatomy Symptoms related to cardiovascular systems Chest pain Palpitation Syncope Claudication Breathlessness Hemoptysis Cardiovascular system examinations Body appearance and facies Arterial pulse Precordial movement of impulse Apical area of chest Heart sounds Inspection 5. Gastroenterology and Urinary System Anatomy and physiology of gastrointestinal and urinary systems Mouth and oral cavity Stomach Phase of gastric secretion Small intestine Large intestine Spleen Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Kidney - anatomy and physiology Basic structure of nephron Symptoms and physical examination Abdominal pain Vomiting Diarrhea Constipation Jaundice Physical examinations Umbilicus Palpations Stomach Pancreas Kidneys Urinary bladder Palpation of aorta Ascites Hernia Rectum and anal canal Prostate gland 6. Eye Disease Eye Orbit Structures ofeye Symptoms of eye disease Presenting problems Discharge involvement of one or both eyes History of photophobia Disturbance in vision Drug 7. Nose External nose Saddle nose Structures of internal nose 8. Oral Cavity and Pharynx Pharynx Cleft palate Uvula Scarlatina (Scarlet fever) Vincent's angina Oral mucosa Tongue Anatomy of the tongue Tongue Abnormalities Lips Cheilosis Cheilitis Angioedema Pigmented areas of lip Gum and teeth Parulia Epulis fissuratum Causes of thickening of gum Scurvy Causes of tooth loss Blue line in the gum Hutchinson's teeth Halitosis 9. Ear Examination of ears Components of ear 10. Skin Anatomy Appendages of skin Color of skin Functions of the skin Diagnosis of skin disease 11. Neurology Anatomy of nervous system Diencephalon Hypothalamus Cerebral hemisphere Basal ganglia Arterial supply History taking and symptoms Neurological examination Gait Dizziness and vertigo Physical examination Generalexamination Outline ofneurological clinical examination Language Aphasia Cranialnerves Functional components of xvi Clinical Methods and Interpretation in Medicinecranial nerves Olfactory cranialnerve Optic nerve Fifth cranial nerve Facial nerve Eighth cranial nerve Ninth cranialnerves Tenth cranial nerve (vagusnerve) Eleventh cranial nerve (spinalaccessory nerve) Hypoglossal nerve(XII cranial nerve) Convergenic - accommodation reflex pathway Motor system Involuntarymovement Opisthotonos Chorea Athetosis Hemiballismus Idiopathicgeneralized torsion dystonia Truncalathetoid movements Involuntarymovements of face and neck Muscle tone Muscle power Muscles of head and neck Muscles of lower leg and ankle Motor power and strength Posture andstance Deep tendon reflexes Clonus Associated movement Symmetric associated movements (mirror movement) Cerebellar function Autonomic nervous system Sensory system Cerebral sensory system Sensory localization High level of bladder control Nystagmus Oscillopsia Opticokineticdrum Normal nystagmus Types of nystagmus Examination of patient in coma Lowering of consciousness Mode of onset of unconsciousness Miscellaneous neurological signs Signs ofmeningeal irritation Nuchalrigidity Cervical radiculopathy 12. Thyroid Gland Relation of thyroid lobe to the other neck structure 13. Musculoskeletal System Bone Cartilage Joints Ligaments Muscles Symptoms related to bone pain Symptoms related to joint pain Symptoms related to muscles pain Hip joint Knee joints Anklejoint 14. Genitalia Male genitalia Female genitalia Genital symptoms for male Genital symptoms for female Signs Index

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