Diabetic Retinopathy from Glycemia to Retina (PB 2027)

Vikas Ambiya (Department of Ophthalmology AFMC, Pune) Diabetic retinopathy, once regarded primarily as a microvascular disorder, is now recognized as a complex disease involving retinal neurodegeneration, inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and dysregulation of multiple metabolic pathways. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the disease continuum, linking systemic metabolic disturbances to retinal structural and functional changes. The text reviews current understanding of pathogenesis, including the roles of chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, inflammation, Müller cell dysfunction, and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated pathways. The book presents a clinically oriented discussion on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema, encompassing epidemiology, risk factors, classification systems, multimodal retinal imaging, systemic evaluation, and contemporary therapeutic strategies. Evidence from landmark clinical trials and current international recommendations are integrated throughout to facilitate practical decision-making. Distinctively, this work adopts a multidisciplinary perspective, highlighting the interrelationship between retinal disease and systemic metabolic control, and emphasizing collaborative care among ophthalmologists, physicians, endocrinologists, and diabetologists. By bridging advances in basic sciences, clinical diagnosis, and therapeutic management, this book serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, trainees, and researchers involved in the care of patients with diabetes.

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